Even though it still remains a small share of the global financial system, Islamic finance industry has expanded rapidly, with annual growth rates of 10 to 15 percent over the past decade. And today, Shariah-compliant financial assets are estimated to be close to U.S. $2 trillion, compared to roughly U.S. $200 billion in the late 1990s. Many countries already have sizeable Islamic finance industries, including Bahrain, Brunei, Indonesia, Islamic Republic of Iran, Malaysia, Pakistan, Sudan, and the UAE. There is also a growing interest in Islamic finance from non-Muslim countries (for example, the United Kingdom, Hong Kong SAR, China, Luxembourg and South Africa), providing further evidence that this hitherto niche market has entered into the mainstream of global finance.
So, what is behind this success? Islamic finance principles adhere to best practices coming from common sense and that's what adds a special appeal to it. These distinct features characterize Islamic finance:
- avoidance of debt and prohibition of "interest"
- promotion of risk sharing, so that the relationship between the borrower and thelender is based on shared business risks and returns,
- prohibition of contracts with high uncertainty and a requirement for full disclosure before, during and after the contract
- a requirement that financial transactions be linked to real assets
- promotion of socially responsible and ethical finance
Not only is Islamic finance gaining broader recognition in financial markets, it's also becoming a viable "alternative" source of funding to address pressing developmental challenges, eliminate extreme poverty and boost shared prosperity in developing and emerging economies. Why do I think Islamic finance has this potential?
First, Islamic finance can make significant contributions to economic development, given its direct link to physical assets and the real economy. The use of profit- and loss-sharing arrangements encourages the provision of financial support to productive enterprises that can increase output and generate jobs.
Second, by expanding the range and reach of financial products, Islamic finance could help improve financial access and foster the inclusion of those who are now deprived of financial services. Notably, Islamic finance emphasizes partnership-style financing, which could be useful in improving the access to finance for the poor and for small businesses.
Third, Islamic finance helps strengthen financial stability: there is some empirical evidence that Islamic financial institutions may be more resilient to unforeseen shocks, thereby contributing to overall financial stability.
In the World Bank, we recognize the cross-cutting relevance and importance of Islamic finance across a range of development solutions. The Finance and Markets Global Practice is expanding the use of Sharia-compliant modes of financing in World Bank Group operations, thereby delivering important benefits to our client countries. For example, recent operations in Egypt and Turkey have leveraged Sharia-compliant solutions to expand financing for small and medium scale enterprises through long-term Ijarah contracts (operating leases) to finance the acquisition of fixed assets as well as asset-backed Murabahah contracts (mark-up financing) for their working capital needs.
Despite its recent years of rapid growth and the obvious potential for development financing, we should recognize that Islamic finance is still in early stages of development. The industry will also need to address several challenges, such as establishing robust legal, accounting, regulatory and supervisory frameworks, improving risk management techniques, increasing the number of skilled Islamic finance professionals, and standardizing contract documentation and structures. As the World Bank Group continues to advance this agenda, we look forward to helping the industry at large and our client countries in particular to address these challenges. We are also expanding our efforts in promoting the systematic and sustained use of relevant knowledge of Islamic finance to raise awareness, build consensus and promote the worldwide use of Sharia-compliant financing instruments.
(Huff Post Impact / 21 May 2015)
---Alfalah Consulting - Kuala Lumpur: www.alfalahconsulting.com
Islamic Investment Malaysia: www.islamic-invest-malaysia.com
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